Methodology

Signals are evidence records, not automatic verdicts.

The project uses separate models for formal work-level events and contextual venue-level evidence. This avoids treating a corrected article, a retracted article, a journal identity warning, and a mixed-record publisher as the same kind of problem.

Work-level events

Planned normalized categories include retraction, expression of concern, correction, reinstatement, withdrawal or removal, and duplicate-publication findings. The event timeline is preserved. A reinstatement changes the current state without deleting the earlier retraction.

Venue context

Journal and publisher assessments are source-native context. A database classification, community assessment, indexing claim, or historical concern is displayed with its scope and provenance. No single source becomes a universal definition of “predatory.”

Identity resolution

Matching should prioritize DOI, ISSN or ISSN-L, canonical domain, and exact publisher identity. Title-only matches are too ambiguous for high-confidence warnings. Historical transfers, title changes, hijacked journals, and explicit false-positive exclusions must be supported.

Coverage

The interface must distinguish checked, unresolved, failed, and deferred identifiers. “No known signal” means only that the checked sources returned no matching record. It does not prove that a work or venue is reliable.

Planned evidence sources

SourceIntended useConstraint
Crossref and CrossmarkPublisher-deposited update relationships and noticesRelationship direction and duplicate notices must be reconciled
Retraction WatchDetailed work-level events and reasonsAttribution, freshness, and historical changes must be retained
Wikipedia CiteWatchCommunity-curated venue context and discovery leadsExact revision provenance, notes, exclusions, and CC BY-SA attribution required
DOAJJournal identity and open-access metadataAbsence is not negative evidence
Norwegian Register and JUFOSource-native publication-channel classificationsDo not translate into universal reliability verdicts

Corrections and appeals

Every venue-level warning must be traceable to evidence and open to correction. Conflicting sources should remain visible rather than silently resolved. A future governance process will document review dates, changes, exceptions, and appeals.